雅思综艺|牛津语言决定不会选出2020年“年度词”

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For the first time, Oxford Languages, maker of The Oxford English Dictionary, has chosen not to name a word of the year, describing 2020 as “a year which cannot beneatly① accommodated② in one single word”. Instead, from “unmute③” to “mail-in④”, and from “coronavirus” to “lockdown”, it has announced its Words of an Unprecedented Year. Last Monday, Oxford Languages said that there were too many words to sum up the events of 2020. Tracking its vast corpus⑤ of more than 11bn words found in web-based news, blogs and other text sources, Oxford Languages’lexicographers⑥ revealed what it described as “seismic⑦ shifts in language data and precipitous⑧ frequency rises in new coinage⑨” over the past 12 months. Previous choices for its Word of the Year have included “climate emergency” and “post-truth”. Collins chose “lockdown” for its Word of the Year earlier this month. (The Guardian)

《牛津英语辞典》的出品方牛津语言认为，2020年“无法用一个词简要概括”。牛津语言将第一次放弃评选“年度词”（Word of the Year），但公布了“这史无前例一年的词汇表”，包含unmute（解除静音）、mail-in[（选票、调查等）通过邮寄收集结果的]、coronavirus（新冠病毒）、lockdown（封锁）等。11月23日，牛津语言表示，要概括2020年的大事，需要太多单词。牛津语言的词典编纂者通过追踪其庞大的语料库，发现在过去12个月中，“语言数据发生了翻天覆地的变化，新词出现的频率急剧上升”。该语料库的文本来源包括网络新闻、博客等，涵盖了逾110亿词汇。牛津语言往年选出的“年度词”包括climate emergency（气候紧急状态）、post-truth（后真相）等。本月初，柯林斯词典选择lockdown作为其“年度词”。

【注释】

① neatly: [niːtlɪ] adv. with brevity, clarity, and cleverness of expression in language or speech（使用语言）简要地，巧妙地

② accommodate: [əˈkɒmədeɪt] vt. to include (sth.) 概／包括

③ unmute: [ˌʌnˈmjuːt] vt. to turn on (a microphone or the audio on an electronic device), especially after having temporarily turned it off（尤指在暂时关闭声音后）打开｛麦克风／电子设备｝的声音

④ mail-in: [ˈmeɪlɪn] adj. designating ballots, surveys, etc., in which results are collected by mail（选票、调查等）通过邮寄收集结果的

⑤ corpus: [ˈkɔːpəs] n. a collection of written or spoken texts 语料库

⑥ lexicographer: [ˌleksɪˈkɒɡrəfə(r)] n. a person who writes and edits dictionaries 词典编纂者

⑦ seismic: [ˈsaɪzmɪk] adj. having a very great effect; of very great size 影响巨大的，翻天覆地的；巨大的

⑧ precipitous: [prɪˈsɪpɪtəs] adj. sudden and great 急剧的

⑨ coinage: [ˈkɔɪnɪdʒ] n. a word or phrase that has been invented recently; the process of inventing a word or phrase 新词／表达

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